Many product teams assume that Proof of Concept (PoC), Prototype, MVP, and Pilot follow a strict order—but that's not always true. Depending on your project's risk, audience, and goals, these stages can overlap, repeat, or even be skipped entirely.
So, how do you know the right order for your project?
Let's break it down.
Understanding the Four Stages
1.Proof of Concept (PoC) – "Can It Work?"
A PoC tests whether an idea is technically possible. This is often used for high-risk, innovative projects.
📌 Example:
A startup developing a new AI-powered search engine might test if its AI model can outperform existing solutions.
💡 Key takeaway: If you're unsure whether something can work, start with a PoC.
2.Prototype – "What Will It Look Like?"
A Prototype focuses on design and user experience, often using wireframes or mockups.
📌 Example:
A UX team might create a clickable prototype of a fitness-tracking app to test the layout before coding anything.
💡 Key takeaway: If users need to interact with it early, a Prototype is the right step.
3.Minimum Viable Product (MVP) – "What's the Simplest Version?"
An MVP is a functional product with only the core features, built to validate market demand.
📌 Example:
An e-commerce brand might launch a basic online store with just 10 products before expanding.
💡 Key takeaway: If you need real users to test the value, an MVP is the way to go.
4.Pilot – "Is It Ready for the Real World?"
A Pilot is a small-scale launch used to gather real-world feedback before full rollout.
📌 Example:
A hospital management system might first be tested in one hospital before expanding to more locations.
💡 Key takeaway: If risk is high, a Pilot lets you fine-tune before scaling.
How These Stages Interact
Not every project follows the same path!
Common Paths:
- ✓PoC → Prototype → MVP → Pilot(Typical order for high-risk tech projects)
- ✓Prototype → MVP → Pilot(Common for UI/UX-heavy apps)
- ✓MVP → Pilot(Works for fast-moving startups with low technical risk)
Choosing the Right Path for Your Project
Design-First Projects
Start with a Prototype → Validate with a PoC → Build an MVP
High-Risk Technical Projects
Start with a PoC → Build a Prototype → Develop an MVP
Internal Tools or Niche Products
Skip MVP, go straight to a Pilot with real users
Iterative Development
Build an MVP, run a Pilot, gather feedback → Repeat
Final Thoughts: There's No One-Size-Fits-All Approach
- ✓
These stages aren't rigid—they overlap, evolve, and repeat.
- ✓
The right order depends on your project's risks and goals.
- ✓
Not every project needs all four stages—skip what isn't necessary.